No memory problems are evident during medical exams.

Individuals may experience occasional memory lapses (e.g., forgetting names or where they put objects). These issues are not noticeable during medical exams.

• Early signs of Alzheimer’s may appear. Symptoms include:
• Difficulty finding words or names
• Trouble remembering names of new acquaintances
• Problems in social or work settings
• Issues with reading and retaining information
• Misplacing valuable objects
• Difficulty planning or organizing

• Clear deficiencies detected in:
• Recent events and personal history
• Performing complex tasks (e.g., managing finances)
• Challenging mental arithmetic
• Individuals may appear withdrawn, especially in challenging situations.

• Major memory gaps and cognitive deficits emerge. Assistance with daily activities becomes necessary. Symptoms include:
• Inability to recall important personal details (e.g., address, phone number)
• Confusion about time and place
• Difficulty with simpler arithmetic
• Need for help with clothing and daily tasks
• Retain substantial self-knowledge.

• Significant worsening of memory and personality changes. Extensive help required for daily activities:

  • Loss of recent memories and awareness of surroundings
  • Impaired recollection of personal history
  • Occasional difficulty recognizing familiar people
  • Help needed with dressing and toileting
  • Disrupted sleep/wake cycles and increasing incontinence
  • Behavioral changes such as delusions or hallucinations
  • Tendency to wander

Final stage, characterized by a loss of the ability to respond to the environment, speak, and control movement:

• Minimal recognizable speech
• Complete assistance needed with eating and toileting
• Loss of mobility, including the ability to walk, sit, or hold head up
• Muscles become rigid and swallowing is impaired